Abstract: 
    
            
                    In order for natural interaction in Augmented Reality (AR) to become widely  
adopted, the techniques used need to be shown to support precise interaction,  
and the gestures used proven to be easy to understand and perform . Recent  
research has explored free-hand gesture interaction with AR interfaces, but  
there have been few formal evaluations conducted with such systems. In this  
paper we introduce and evaluate two natural interaction techniques: the  
free-hand gesture based Grasp-Shell, which provides direct physical  
manipulation of virtual content; and the multi-modal Gesture-Speech, which  
combines speech and gesture for indirect natural interaction. These  
techniques support object selection, 6 degree of freedom movement, uniform  
scaling, as well as physics-based interaction such as pushing and flinging.  
We conducted a study evaluating and comparing Grasp-Shell and Gesture-Speech  
for fundamental manipulation tasks. The results show that Grasp-Shell  
outperforms Gesture-Speech in both efficiency and user preference for  
translation and rotation tasks, while Gesture-Speech is better for uniform  
scaling. They could be good complementary interaction methods in a  
physics-enabled AR environment, as this combination potentially provides both  
control and interactivity in one interface. We conclude by discussing  
implications and future directions of this research.